Question :  Convert 734215 8 to binary?

    Answer: 111 011 100 010 001 101

 Question : Convert 734215 16 to binary?

   Answer: 0111 0011 0100 0010 0001 0101 2 

 Question : What is the broadcast address for network 142.16.72.0/23?

   Answer:142.16.73.255 

 Question : Subnet 198.4.81.0/24 into the maximum number of networks that can support 28 hosts each?

   Answer:198.4.81.0/27 and the subnets are:

198.4.81.0/27

198.4.81.32/27

198.4.81.64/27

198.4.81.96/27

198.4.81.128/27

198.4.81.160/27

198.4.81.192/27

198.4.81.224/27

 

Question : What is the broadcast address for network 198.4.81.96/27? Answer : 198.4.81.127

1. Question : Convert 10100010111101011001110110001011 2 to   hexadecimal?

Answer: A2F59D8B 

2.Question : Convert 101000101111010110011101100010112 to dotted decimal?

Answer: Convert to dotted hexadecimal first, and then convert each hexadecimal number pair to decimal.

A2.F5.9D.8B then 162.245.157.139 

3.Question : Convert 101000101111010110011101100010112 to octal?

Answers: 24275316613 8

4.Question : True or False. Converting between number bases is fun?


Answers: True


5.Convert 12345670 8 to hexadecimal?


Answers: Convert each octal digit into three binary digits, and then convert the binary result to hexadecimal.

001 010 011 100 101 110 111 000

0010 1001 1100 1011 1011 1000

29CBB8 

Question : Convert FACE1234 16 to dotted decimal.

Answer : FA 16 = 250 10, CE16 = 20610, 1216 = 18 10, and 34 16 = 52 10

FACE1234 16 = 250.206.18.52 dotted decimal 

Question : This is a speed drill. Using only your head, convert the following binary numbers to decimal.

11100000

11111100

10000000

11110000

00111111

Answers : 224, 252, 128, 240, and 63 (64 – 1)

Can you think of another familiar system that routes using a hierarchical delivery system?

The airport system. At the core routing level, there are major hub airports such as Denver, Chicago, New York, and Atlanta. The core airports are responsible for routing people and cargo to major geographical areas. Core airports connect with regional airports that serve a specific area; regional airports are at the distribution layer. Finally, to reach your final destination, you can take a bus, a cab, a train, or rent a car. This can be considered the access layer. 

Why are multiple protocols used, such as a package, addressing, delivery, and transportation, instead of using one protocol defining everything?

Using multiple protocols is modular and allows changes to one protocol without affecting the others. For example, if the addressing protocol is dependent on the delivery protocol, changes to one would imply changes need to be made to the other. 

How does the use of a hierarchical routing structure (access, distribution, and core) enable a scalable delivery system?

If a delivery system is not divided into access, distribution, and core layers, every point in the system needs to maintain every possible destination address to make a delivery decision. The use of a layered system means each layer needs only the information necessary to deliver to the next layer, either above or below. 

What does the term information hiding mean in relation to route summarization?

At the core layer in the postal system, the only information that is needed to make a routing decision is the state or city/state information. The specific street names and street numbers are hidden, the core layer does not need this information. At the core layer in the telephone system, the area code is used to make a routing decision. The specific exchange or last four digits of the phone number are not needed, or hidden, from the core layer. 

What is the purpose of a default route?

A default route is used if there is not a specific entry in the routing table for the destination. 

Describe why postal addresses and telephone numbers are routable.

A postal address has three components that can be used to deliver mail: state, city, and street. A phone number has an area code and exchange. At the core layer, mail can be delivered to the next post office based on only the state or city and state information. A phone number is delivered at the core layer based on the area code. 

Describe the difference between routing and switching.

Routing moves a letter or telephone call to the access layer (as in a street or telephone exchange). Switching makes the final delivery. A switching decision is made on the part of the address that is not used in routing (as in the street number or last four digits of a phone number).